Saturday, June 8, 2013

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Tuesday, March 5, 2013

Home Networking - How to Connect 2 Computers

Networking - Communication - Medium. All those key words, and many others, are fundamental to networks. Configuring your own computers and allow them to exchange data, is a great way to start Networking.

Ethernet Networking (Wired Ethernet connection)

To start with, there are some basic requirements that will allow us to achieve our goal: Hardware and Software.

Home Networking - How to Connect 2 Computers

Hardware: Make sure there are at least two computers with Network cards installed, and then we have a cross-over cable ready. NB: use of any other type of cables may result in connection failure.

Software: verify that the computers are running a proper operating system, and the network cards drivers are properly installed and up to date.

With those entire in place, simply plug the two ends of your cross-over cable to your computer's network cards and wait for a while until they get IP addresses and you are ready to go. By default your computers will get APIPA addresses (Automatic Private IP Address). This is due to the fact that a DHCP server hasn't been found, thus they auto assign themselves private addresses.

We can now enjoy sending ping messages between our computers to test connectivity: we have just achieved our first Peer-to-peer Networking configuration.

Voila a basic way of networking between computer. Having the right equipments, such as a cross-over cable, is crucial for communication to take place. Yes, computers can talk to each other and allow us to share data and all their resources.

Peer to Peer over Wireless (Wi-Fi)

Wi-fi has been out for some time and has become a norm for most homes or enterprise users. Unlike wired networking, wireless does not require any cabling to work.

In order for two computers to communicate over Wi-Fi, they must have wireless cards installed. There are many card manufacturers such as Linksys, Netgear, D-Link. Although 98% of mobile computers are wireless enabled, some desktops or towers need wireless card installed.

Wireless requires a lot more knowledge and configuration, as it's not plug and play as wired would be to some extend.

Although it is a peer-to-peer connection, make sure:

Both Wireless adapters are set to Ad-hoc mode instead of infrastructure. Infrastructure mode is a connection where an access-point is present. The wireless cards must use the same SSID (Service Set Identifier), which are case sensitive. The encryption type must be the same. So if for example WEP/WPA2..., it must be the same as well as network key.

Would recommend disabling all sort of security, when connecting for the first time, and configure later when the connection is up and running. Although this is not a norm, this helps troubleshooting when connection issues occur during setup.

APIPA: Automatic Private IP Addresses start with 169.254, and the range reserved by the IANA is 169.254.0.0 to 169.254.255.255.

DHCP Stands for Dynamic Host Configuration, and allows computers to dynamically acquire their IP address from a DHCP server configure for this purpose.

PING stands for Packet Internet Groper, is used to test connectivity between two nodes on the network.

Just in case there is no reply for the ping message, does not mean there is no connectivity. Check that your Firewall allows Incoming Echo Request.

Home Networking - How to Connect 2 Computers
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About Me:
Networking student, and freelance computer Technician. I am A+ - MCP - CCNA, Currently reading about CCNP Switching.
http://www.ccna-ccnp-journey.co.nr

Monday, February 25, 2013

How to Connect Your Netbook to a Wireless Network

One of the great benefits of a netbook or mini laptop is the ease with which they can be carried as they are so small and light. It makes sense to take full advantage of this by setting up a wireless network that eliminates the need for wires and allows you to connect to the Internet via broadband whenever the netbook is switched on, and to share the connection between more than one computer if you wish.

Types of broadband

Connect PC

There are two types of broadband service - ADSL, which uses the telephone lines, and Cable, which uses a cable network. Both require a piece of equipment called a "router" in order to work, and they are different for each service. Make sure you have the right type of router for your broadband service or it will not work.

How to Connect Your Netbook to a Wireless Network

Why go wireless?

If you use a wired router connection from an ADSL or cable modem you can only connect a single computer as there is only one network (Ethernet) port leading from the router to the computer. However, with a wireless router you can connect the Ethernet cable to the router which will than broadcast the wireless signal to as many computers as you want.

Types of Router

When you first register for broadband with an Internet Service Provider (ISP) you will be sent a router which you must install yourself so that you can connect a computer to it. Occasionally, if you have a cable service (like Virgin Media or NTL in the UK), an engineer will visit your home and fit a "cable modem" for you first. You will still have to connect the router to it yourself though.

How to Set Up a Network

To set-up a wired connection, all you have to do is follow a few simple steps; you attach a cable from the telephone socket (or cable modem) to the router and another cable from the router to the computer, power up, configure the router, set up security and you're done. Every ISP provides detailed instructions on how to set this up specifically for their service, so keep the instructions and follow them.

Each computer will need a wireless card (or adapter) to read this signal and connect to the Internet, but most modern laptops and all netbooks have this built in. If you set up a wireless network in your home or office, you can connect to the Internet, share printers and even files between any computers connected to the network - that way, any computer can send jobs to the printer.

To set up a wireless network you need the following components:

a broadband internet connection (either ADSL or cable) depending on your ISP, a modem filters and/or signal splitter for an ADSL phone line a wireless router and two network cables a computer with a built in wireless networking card or If it's not built in, a wireless network adapter for each computer

Setting up your Wireless Broadband Internet

Once you have everything you need, set up the wireless network as follows:

Step 1

Plug the filter into the phone socket, then the cable from the filter into the ADSL modem

Step 2

Plug network Cable 1 into the ADSL modem

Step 3

Turn on the power into the modem

Step 4

Plug the other end of Cable 1 into the router

Important: If you don't have a modem, connect the filter (microfilter) to the phone socket then connect the telephone line from the filter directly into the back of your router.

Step 5

Turn the power to the router on

Step 6

Plug Cable 2 into the router

Step 7

Plug Cable 2 into the Ethernet port of the computer

Step 8

Turn on the computer and open a browser

Step 9

Type in the default IP address (192.168.1.1) to open the configuration panel

Step 10

Configure the router as follows:

default username is usually "admin"

default password is usually "admin"

enter the network key (SSID)

Step 11

Set security options

choose either WEP or WPA-PSK

choose the encryption type

When you finish configuring the router, unplug the Ethernet cable from the computer. You should now be able to locate available networks from the icon in the system tray in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen. Locate the network you have just set up and choose connect.

How to Connect Your Netbook to a Wireless Network


David Millard is a professional writer based in the United Kingdom. His Best Netbook website features impartial reviews of popular netbook computers from all the leading manufacturers. Visit www.best-netbook.org

Sunday, February 17, 2013

How to Put Music Onto a MP3 Player?

If you are one of those million people who had taken the chance to follow the trend by getting your very first MP3 player, you may be in for some help. Most newbies may not easily understand the mechanics of putting music files onto their MP3 players. Besides, these innovative musical devices are not being sold in the market with a pre-downloaded music files.

So if you are not yet knowledgeable of the device, these simple guides on how to put music onto a MP3 player will absolutely help you out and start rocking your world with blasting great music.

Connect PC

1. Get a good installation software for music management

How to Put Music Onto a MP3 Player?

The success of downloading music file onto your MP3 player will greatly depend on the kind of installation software that you have. Not all of these software are created equal. Hence, it is best to consider the right device first before you start making plans of downloading the newest music files from the Internet.

2. Install the software

You cannot download files onto your MP3 player if you will not install first onto your personal computer the software capable of managing your music files.

Music management software provides optimum services that enable you to organize your music files, convert different music format into mp3 and vice versa, or search good-to-download mp3 files in the Internet.

3. Identify the source

After installing the music management software, you have to determine now the source of your music files. This can be either a CD or a collection of music files from a virtual music store in the Internet. You may use your old music from your CDs and install them onto your MP3 player. In this way, you can listen to them anywhere, anytime.

4. Convert into MP3 format

In most cases, downloadable music files from the Internet are already available in MP3 format. So that would not pose much of a problem.

However, if you will be downloading music files from a CD, you have to convert them into MP3 format because most CD music files are not on this format.

You may use your music management software to rip the files from the CD and convert them into MP3 format using the applicable functions.

5. Connect, select, and party on!

The last thing that you have to do in putting your music onto a MP3 player is to connect your MP3 player to your PC via the USB port. Once accessed from the computer, you can now easily transfer your music files from your PC down to your MP3 player. Within a few minutes, you can already start listening to your favorite songs and party on!

Indeed, these tips on how to put music onto a MP3 player are easy to understand. With the right tools, the right software, and the best MP3 player, you can be sure of an enjoyable time ahead with sounds playing in your ears without the fuss.

How to Put Music Onto a MP3 Player?

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Saturday, February 9, 2013

How to Write a Dirty Letter to My Boyfriend - What to Say and How to Think

If you and your boyfriend are apart for awhile, geographical distance between you - why not write him a dirty letter to let him know for sure that you miss him and are thinking of him.

But wait, why stop there?

Why wait until your lover is far removed to show him you care? Why not write him a dirty letter anyway, even if he only lives around the corner. The surprise and pleasure he'll get from receiving it will really make you extra popular (think gold stars in abundance here!) and will make him lust after you even more.

How to Write a Dirty Letter to My Boyfriend - What to Say and How to Think

But what should you write, how should you write, what would you say?

Here are a few tips and ideas to help you pen a letter that Nell Gwyen would be proud of:-

Write Your Thoughts, Not Someone Else's - write to your boyfriend about things you and he can identify with, that are either something you've done together or is a desire for the future. Don't make anything up beyond sexual fantasy, as it will strike him as odd and slightly unsettling. Think back to the last time you made love together. Who did what to who, what touches made you feel hot, how did he look or sound. Think about it, remember it in your mind's eye and then simply write it down on paper.

You don't have to be Shakespeare or an English major, don't worry about how polished it reads. the most heartfelt writing will always warm the readers passion whether it is spelt well and uses poor grammar or not - it's simply the thought that counts here.

Use Your Pen & Hand - When you write a love letter, write it. Don't type it and print it out to send or attach it to an email, use good paper and a pen. Type is impersonal and slightly bland. Your handwriting is you, a part of your character that your boyfriend loves and as such, is compelling and loving.

Add Character To Your Letter - Got a favorite perfume your boyfriend likes? A color of lipstick he prefers? Add these to the letter. A subtle whiff of your perfume will heighten his senses as he reads, bringing you closer to him, making him want you even more. A kiss from your lips wearing a shade of lipstick he loves and associate with you will make him smile and want to be able to kiss you back.

Share Your Wants - As you write and feel how much he means to you and how much you want him, try and transfer that to paper. Tell him in exact detail (explicit if that is what you both enjoy) what you want him to do to you as soon as he is through your front door. But be careful - men are specific animals and they take things such as you describing what you want him to do to you as actual! Only write what you really want him to do to you, don't try and impress and write something a porn star would scream at and run away from. You run the risk of disappointing him hugely if he finds it was not real!

How to Write a Dirty Letter to My Boyfriend - What to Say and How to Think
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Wednesday, February 6, 2013

How to Write a Memorandum

What Is A Memorandum Or Memo?

A memorandum or memo for short is commonly understood to be an official document originating from an office. There are various types of memos. For example, in a business environment, the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) and Memorandum of Association (MOA), are common. A memorandum is written to communicate or convey a brief message on a given subject or topic. Apart from specific memos, two of which have been cited earlier, a memorandum is usually not more than one page.

Notes On Writing A Memorandum

How to Write a Memorandum

A memorandum is generally made up of three parts. These being: Introduction, Body and Conclusion. Many office memos come in a standard and pre-approved format. The headings in a standard format are: To, From, Date, Subject and Reference. The memo may be addressed to an individual or a group of individuals. They are usually addressed by position or designation. Including a name and title if it is addressed to an individual is an accepted practice. Below the headings are the introduction, body and conclusion. In the introduction, the purpose or why the memo is being written and what would be focus of attention would be explained. The body will provide details of the subject such as what is the issue, what are the implications and other considerations including options. The conclusion will state what needs to be done, by whom and when. The memo needs be brief, to the point and clear. The general rule is one idea or issue per memo. If many ideas or issues need to be communicated, it would be better to call for a meeting or discussion. The target audience must be kept in sight. Key questions such as why the memo is being written, what needs to be conveyed and what is the expected outcome must be constantly kept in mind. This must be done before writing the memo, while it is being written and after it is completed. Be economical with words. Use simple language. Use the active voice. Use active verbs. The reader wants to read the document and move on to what needs to be done. Use the correct titles before the name such as Mr., Mrs., Ms., and so on.
Editing The Memorandum

After completing the memo, review it for accuracy, brevity and clarity. Read it out and check how it sounds or comes through. Check details such as date and address. These are important for ensuring that the message is delivered to the correct target audience and quickly. Additionally, it makes document control easier. Do not overlook the importance of correct spelling and grammar.

How to Write a Memorandum
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Sunday, February 3, 2013

Report Writing - How to Format a Business Report

Introduction

Report writing is a time consuming business so it is a great shame if, having devoted all that time to writing your report, the quality is such that hardly anyone can be bothered to read it. Quite frankly, most report readers do not actually read all the report; they are too short of time. You might as well know it and accept it -- that is normal. They only read the parts that interest them. Frequently these are the summary, the conclusions and recommendations.

Of course, some readers do need all the details you so carefully included, they are specialists, but most do not. Most readers just need two things: that the information they want is where they expect it to be so they can find it, and that it is written clearly so that they can understand it.

Report Writing - How to Format a Business Report

It is similar to reading a newspaper. You expect the news headlines to be on the front page; the sports coverage to be at the back; the TV listings on page whatever and the editorial comment in the middle. If what you want is not in its usual place then you have to hunt for it and you may get irritated. So it is with a report.

There is a convention as to what goes where. Stick with the convention and please your readers. Break the convention and people may get slightly irritated - and bin your report.

So what is that convention, the standard format?

Standard Sections

Title Section. In a short report this may simply be the front cover. In a long one it could also include Terms of Reference, Table of Contents and so on.

Summary. Give a clear and very concise account of the main points, main conclusions and main recommendations. Keep it very short, a few percent of the total length. Some people, especially senior managers, may not read anything else so write as if it were a stand-alone document. It isn't but for some people it might as well be. Keep it brief and free from jargon so that anyone can understand it and get the main points. Write it last, but do not copy and paste from the report itself; that rarely works well.

Introduction. This is the first part of the report proper. Use it to paint the background to 'the problem' and to show the reader why the report is important to them. Give your terms of reference (if not in the Title Section) and explain how the details that follow are arranged. Write it in plain English.

Main Body. This is the heart of your report, the facts. It will probably have several sections or sub-sections each with its own subtitle. It is unique to your report and will describe what you discovered about 'the problem'.

These sections are most likely to be read by experts so you can use some appropriate jargon but explain it as you introduce it. Arrange the information logically, normally putting things in order of priority -- most important first. In fact, follow that advice in every section of your report.

You may choose to include a Discussion in which you explain the significance of your findings.

Conclusions. Present the logical conclusions of your investigation of 'the problem'. Bring it all together and maybe offer options for the way forward. Many people will read this section. Write it in plain English. If you have included a discussion then this section may be quite short.

Recommendations. What do you suggest should be done? Don't be shy; you did the work so state your recommendations in order of priority, and in plain English.

Appendices. Put the heavy details here, the information that only specialists are likely to want to see. As a guide, if some detail is essential to your argument then include it in the main body, if it merely supports the argument then it could go in an appendix.

Conclusions and Recommendations

In conclusion, remember that readers expect certain information to be in certain places. They do not expect to hunt for what they want and the harder you make it for them the more likely they are to toss you report to one side and ignore it. So what should you do?

1. Follow the generally accepted format for a report: Summary, Introduction, Main Body, Conclusions, Recommendations and Appendices.
2. Organise your information in each section in a logical fashion with the reader in mind, usually putting things in order of priority - most important first.

Good luck with your report writing!

Author: Tony Atherton
© Tony Atherton 2005)

Report Writing - How to Format a Business Report
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Tony Atherton is a freelance trainer and writer based in England. He has had four books published and about 90 of his articles have appeared in various magazines and journals. After an earlier career in industry he now runs in-company training courses in business writing, report writing (including technical reports) and taking minutes, as well as negotiation skills and time management. Over 6000 delegates have attended his courses. See http://www.tony-atherton.co.uk/reportwriting.htm for details of report writing courses, or see http://www.tony-atherton.co.uk for general information.